Oil maintenance in your car

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Oil plays a crucial role in cooling your engine and ensuring the smooth operation of your car’s internals. Discover how to examine your car’s oil, identify issues, and recognise when it’s time for an oil change.

Why do cars need oil?

Oil is the lifeblood of your car’s engine. It plays a critical role in ensuring that the engine operates efficiently and has a prolonged lifespan.

Without it, the engine can suffer severe damage in a short amount of time.

The primary role of engine oil is to provide lubrication. Inside the engine, numerous parts move rapidly and with great force.

The oil creates a protective barrier between these parts, reducing friction and preventing excessive wear.

By doing so, it ensures that metal components, like the pistons and cylinders, don’t rub against each other, which could lead to increased temperatures and possible seizures of the engine.

But oil isn’t merely a slippery substance; it’s a complex fluid with multiple purposes.

Apart from lubricating, motor oil contains special additives that maintain its viscosity over a range of temperatures, ensuring it remains fluid in cold conditions and doesn’t thin out excessively when it’s hot.

These additives also combat the build-up of sludge, reduce corrosion, and help in cleaning contaminants from the engine.

Moreover, not all oils are the same. Different vehicles and engine designs have specific needs. Some engines might require synthetic oil, while others are best suited to conventional oil.

It’s also worth noting that oil grades differ, and using the incorrect grade can affect engine performance and longevity. Therefore, it’s essential to consult your vehicle’s manual or speak to a mechanic to ascertain the right type of oil for your car.

Ensuring the appropriate oil is used is a key step in maintaining your vehicle’s health and ensuring a smooth driving experience.

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Changing your oil

Oil changes are a fundamental aspect of car maintenance, ensuring the longevity and efficiency of your engine.

For the majority of cars, it’s recommended to change the oil approximately every 12,000 miles or every 12 months, whichever arrives sooner.

The primary reason for this is to eliminate the potential build-up of dirt, grit, and other contaminants that can severely hamper the performance of the engine and lead to irreversible damage in both petrol and diesel cars.

However, advancements in oil technology have led to the creation of long-life oils. These specialised oils can potentially double the interval between oil changes, making it around 24,000 miles or 24 months, though this largely depends on the driving conditions and the style of driving.

Always consult your car’s manual or the manufacturer for specifics related to your vehicle.

For those with a DIY spirit, changing the oil is entirely doable, but it comes with its challenges. The process requires you to get underneath the car to access the oil drain plug and to have the appropriate tools on hand.

After draining, the used oil must be stored in a sealed container and then taken to a recycling facility or a local auto shop for proper disposal, as pouring it out carelessly is both environmentally harmful and illegal in many places.

Given these potential hassles, many car owners prefer to delegate this task to professionals. Most auto repair shops offer oil change services, ensuring a seamless and clean experience. Additionally, during such services, mechanics often conduct other routine checks, ensuring that your vehicle remains in top-notch condition.

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Spotting oil-related problems

Oil is crucial for the seamless operation of your car’s engine, and any disruptions in its flow or integrity can lead to significant issues.

To ensure the longevity and efficiency of your engine, it’s essential to recognise and address oil-related problems early. Here are some common indicators that something might be amiss:

Oil Warning Light Turns On

One of the most immediate signs of an oil problem is the illumination of the oil can-shaped warning light on your dashboard. If this light remains lit after starting your car or activates while you’re on the road, it’s a clear sign of potential oil pressure issues or low oil levels.

Credit: Drew Stephens (Flickr)

You should immediately turn off the engine and consult a professional mechanic. Continuing to drive under these conditions could lead to severe, costly engine damage. And, for safety’s sake, if you’re travelling on a motorway or a busy road, it’s advisable to pull over at the next safe location or service area.

Visible Oil Patches

If you notice dark spots or patches on your driveway or garage floor where your car has been parked, it’s a cause for concern. These stains are typically indicative of an oil leak, which can arise from various reasons such as a faulty seal, gasket, or even damage to the oil pan.

Leaving an oil leak unaddressed not only results in the wastage of oil but can also lead to more significant engine problems in the future. Make it a priority to have your vehicle inspected and the issue rectified as soon as possible.

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Additionally, regularly checking your oil levels and its consistency can help in pre-emptively identifying issues. Dark, gritty, or sludgy oil is a sign that it’s time for a change, while milky or frothy oil can indicate coolant contamination, both of which require immediate attention.

Remember, the earlier you spot and address oil-related problems, the better it is for the health and performance of your vehicle.

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How to check your oil

Ensuring the appropriate oil level in your car is crucial for the longevity and efficiency of your engine. Monitoring this level every couple of weeks can prevent potential engine issues and guarantee smooth operation.

Before embarking on a lengthy journey or road trip, always check your oil levels. To get an accurate reading, it’s recommended to check the oil when the engine is cold and the vehicle is on level ground.

Here’s the step-by-step process:

Get Your Materials: Get some kitchen roll or an old cloth to avoid any mess. It’s always a good idea to have these on hand when dealing with automotive fluids.
Check the Dipstick: Pop open the bonnet of your car. Look for the dipstick, which is typically a metal rod with a small finger-sized ring, often coloured yellow for visibility. If you struggle to locate it, consult your car’s manual for guidance.
Clean the Dipstick: Once you’ve identified the dipstick, pull it out. Using the kitchen roll or cloth, thoroughly wipe the stick clean. Upon close inspection, you’ll notice markers labelled ‘MIN’ and ‘MAX’ located towards its end.
Re-insert for an Accurate Reading: Place the dipstick back into its tube, ensuring it’s fully seated. Let it sit for a few moments to allow the oil to settle.
Check the Level: Pull out the dipstick once again. This time, observe the oil mark. Ideally, the oil should be situated between the ‘MIN’ and ‘MAX’ markers.
- If the oil level is near or at the ‘MIN’ mark, this indicates that your car requires an oil top-up. Ensure you use the type of oil specified for your vehicle.
- If the oil surpasses the ‘MAX’ line, it’s excessive and could potentially harm your engine. In this situation, consider visiting a professional garage to correct the oil level.

Remember, regular maintenance, including routine oil checks, is paramount to keep your car running efficiently and safely. Always refer to your vehicle’s owner manual for any specific instructions or requirements related to your particular model.

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How to top up engine oil

Topping up your car’s engine oil is a simple task that you can perform on your own to ensure that your engine runs smoothly.

Having the correct amount of oil is vital for lubricating the engine parts and enhancing overall vehicle performance. Here’s how you can efficiently top up your engine oil:

Locate the Oil Filler Cap: Initiate the process by locating the oil filler cap within your car’s engine compartment. It is typically situated close to the dipstick. The cap is usually labelled, but refer to your vehicle’s manual if you have difficulty finding it.
Preparing to Refill: Before you start pouring the oil, ensure you have the correct type and grade as per your vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations. Having a funnel could also be beneficial to prevent spills and ensure that the oil pours smoothly.
Adding the Oil: Carefully start pouring the oil into the oil filler cap. It’s essential to add the oil gradually. Pour a bit, then pause to avoid overfilling.
Check the Oil Level: After adding some oil, it’s advisable to check the level using the dipstick. Ensure that the oil level is between the ‘MIN’ and ‘MAX’ markers. Repeat the process of adding and checking the oil level until it is correct.
Regular Monitoring for Leaks: If you find yourself having to top up your engine oil frequently, it might be indicative of an oil leak or another underlying issue. In such cases, consider consulting a professional mechanic for a comprehensive check-up to diagnose and rectify the problem promptly.

Remember, maintaining the correct engine oil level is essential for the optimal functioning and longevity of your car’s engine. Always refer to your vehicle’s manual for guidance on the appropriate procedures and the recommended oil type and grade.

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Do electric cars use oil?

Electric vehicles (EVs) fundamentally differ from conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Consequently, they do not utilise engine oil in the traditional sense. Here’s a closer look at oil use in EVs:

No Traditional Engine Oil: Unlike petrol or diesel-powered vehicles, EVs don’t have an internal combustion engine. Therefore, they don’t require the traditional engine oil that lubricates, cools, and cleans the engine parts.
Transmission Lubricants: While EVs don’t need engine oil, some models do use specialised lubricants in their transmission systems. These lubricants play a role in ensuring the smooth operation of the transmission components and minimising wear and tear.
Maintenance Needs: Maintenance requirements for EVs can vary based on the make and model. For specifics related to your EV, it’s essential to refer to the owner’s handbook. This will provide detailed information on any lubricants used and their respective maintenance intervals, if applicable.
Low Maintenance Concern: Generally speaking, electric cars require less routine maintenance than their combustion counterparts. The absence of frequent oil checks or changes is one of the benefits EV owners enjoy. However, it’s always wise to stay informed about your particular vehicle’s needs to ensure its longevity and optimal performance.

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While electric cars sidestep the need for traditional engine oil, they might require other specific lubricants.

Regularly consulting your vehicle’s manual and keeping up with any recommended maintenance is the best way to keep your EV in tip-top shape.

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Do hybrid cars use oil?

Hybrid cars, which combine electric propulsion with a conventional internal combustion engine, present a unique blend of technologies.

As a result, their maintenance needs differ slightly from purely electric or purely combustion-engine car. Here’s what you need to know about oil use in hybrids:

Presence of an Internal Combustion Engine: Despite their ability to run partially on electric power, hybrid cars still house an internal combustion engine. This engine operates similarly to those in standard petrol or diesel vehicles.
Oil Change Requirements: Just like traditional vehicles, the internal combustion component of hybrid cars requires oil to lubricate, cool, and clean the engine parts. As a result, hybrids need regular oil changes to ensure the engine functions efficiently and has an extended lifespan.
Plug-in Hybrids: Even plug-in hybrids, which can often operate for extended periods solely on electric power, still feature an internal combustion engine. Therefore, even if you predominantly use them in their electric mode, they will still necessitate periodic oil changes.
Frequency of Oil Changes: The interval between oil changes can vary based on the hybrid model, driving conditions, and how frequently the combustion engine is utilised. Some modern hybrids have advanced systems that notify the driver when an oil change is due. Always refer to the owner’s manual for specific recommendations regarding oil type and change intervals.
Environmental Benefits: While hybrid cars still require oil, they often have longer intervals between oil changes compared to conventional vehicles. This not only means reduced maintenance costs but also less environmental impact due to fewer oil changes over the vehicle’s lifespan.

While hybrid cars boast a blend of electric and combustion technology, they still rely on engine oil for their internal combustion components. Regular maintenance, including oil changes, ensures the vehicle remains efficient and eco-friendly.

Always consult your vehicle’s manual for guidance on specific maintenance schedules.

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Frequently asked questions

How often should I change engine oil?

The frequency of engine oil changes varies based on your specific vehicle model. Instead of solely relying on the dashboard indicator, consulting your vehicle’s handbook will provide a more precise recommendation on when to change the oil.

Does an engine oil and filter change count as a service?

A service encompasses a comprehensive assessment of your car’s mechanical and electrical components.

While an engine oil and filter change may be a part of it, they don’t equate to a full service.

When should I check my oil level?

It’s advisable to examine your oil levels with a cool engine. By making it a routine to do so every couple of weeks, it’ll soon become second nature.

What is oil viscosity and what impact does this have on my engine?

Viscosity describes the flow characteristics of your oil. Oils with a denser consistency possess a greater viscosity than their lighter counterparts, which can make them challenging to pour during colder conditions.

Using overly thick oil could strain the engine, possibly hindering its startup. To determine the appropriate oil for your vehicle, always refer to your car’s manual.

What does it mean when the oil light turns on?

When the oil indicator light turns on, it might suggest that your oil levels are low or perhaps that your engine is getting excessively hot.

Although this doesn’t directly imply imminent danger while driving, it’s important to find a safe spot to pull over and assess your oil situation promptly. When uncertain, it’s best to consult with a professional mechanic.

How much is an oil change?

The cost associated with changing your oil can vary based on your location and the specific make and model of your vehicle.

Garages typically set their rates considering your engine capacity and the oil type required.

Premium or specialised oils might carry a higher price tag, though they typically have longer intervals between changes.